What membrane materials are used in architecture?

Commonly used membrane materials in construction include PTFE membranes, ETFE membranes, and PVC membranes. These materials, with their unique physicochemical properties, play a crucial role in large-span spatial structures and special architectural forms. The following is a detailed introduction to these four membrane materials:

PTFE Membrane (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Composition and Characteristics: High strength, durability, self-cleaning properties, and excellent fire resistance (Class A flammability). Unaffected by ultraviolet radiation, with a service life exceeding 25 years.

Optical Properties: 10%~50% light transmittance; transmitted light is naturally diffused, without shadows or glare; high reflectivity and low heat absorption.

Applications: Preferred for durable buildings, such as large stadiums, airport terminals, and high-speed railway stations.

ETFE Membrane (Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer)
Composition and Characteristics: Non-woven thermoplastic material with low density and high tensile strength. It possesses wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, insulation, and excellent self-cleaning properties.

Optical Performance: Light transmittance is superior to glass (up to 95%), earning it the nickname "soft glass." It effectively utilizes natural light and saves energy.

Applications: Large-span structures, building facades, and inflatable support structures.

PVC Membrane Material (Polyvinyl Chloride)

Characteristics: Highly waterproof and flexible, but its self-cleaning properties, durability, and fire resistance (B1 flammability rating) are inferior to PTFE.

Optical Performance: Light transmittance approximately 20%, wide temperature range, and normal service life of approximately 7-15 years.

Applications: Temporary or semi-permanent structures, such as cultural facilities, landscape features, and industrial building membrane structures.